Here are some of the most common tests we offer at Independent Imaging: Knowing the differences of each of these imaging tests can help ease your mind and know what to expect. Therefore, if your doctor recommends that you are in need of specialized diagnostic imaging, it can be helpful to understand both how they work, and the common uses for the different types of imaging. Unfortunately, the thought of having these tests done can often make patients anxious, but it’s important to remember that diagnostic imaging is typically non-invasive and painless. Some of the most common types of diagnostic imaging tests besides X-rays are magnetic resonance imaging tests (MRIs), Computed Tomography scans (CT), and Ultrasound. A doctor may order one, or multiple tests, in order to help diagnose or rule out certain medical complications. Each creates images based on different technology. There are several different types of diagnostic imaging tests. However, there are different types of diagnostic imaging exams, where the resulting images, or pictures, will help your doctor in making an accurate diagnosis, and choosing the best treatment plan. The ultrasound device is an amazing tool made possible by careful engineering applications of the fundamental laws of physics.When doctors need to get a better look at what’s going on in their patient’s bodies, they will often refer them to receive some type of diagnostic imaging. It is also used in urology to locate kidney stones, to monitor blood flow in the kidneys, and to detect prostate cancer. Ultrasound is best known in obstetrics, but it is also useful in cardiology to image the heart, blood vessels, and flow through the heart. Adding information about the intensity of the returning sound wave allows an image to be produced. This information allows the position of the tissue boundary to be determined. Thus, the time at which sound waves are received relative to when they were emitted yields the distance the sound wave has traveled. Sound waves move in human tissue about 1540 m/s. Both the intensity of the returning sound and the time it takes the sound wave to return are used to generate an image. This returning signal contains the data needed to produce an image. The returning sound waves vibrate the pz crystals and produce an electric signal. Not only do the crystals vibrate when given an electrical pulse, they also can produce electricity when they are vibrated. The reflected waves travel back to the transducer and affect the pz crystals. Therefore, when sound waves encounter a boundary between two different tissues, some of the sound energy reflects from the boundary and some energy passes through the boundary into other tissue. Have you ever noticed that when light encounters a piece of glass, some of the light transmits through the glass, while some reflects? Ultrasound waves act similar to light waves. Thus, the transducer sends out millions of sound waves into the abdomen every second. The pz crystals in medical ultrasound instrument vibrate with a frequency from 1 million to 7 million vibrations per second. The vibrations create sound waves in whatever material the transducer contacts, for example the abdomen of a pregnant woman. When electricity flows through these crystals, they vibrate, moving back and forth quickly. The transducer contains tiny quartz crystals called piezoelectric (pz) crystals. With medical ultrasound equipment, a probe called a transducer emits the sound. These motions cause some regions of air to be more bunched up than normal (compressions) or more spread out than normal (rarefactions). Sound waves are generated anytime an object disturbs a fluid, such as air - like a guitar string oscillating or a drumhead moving up and down. Ultrasound refers to very high frequency sound waves. How is an ultrasound image of an unborn baby generated? March 2004
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